Cyber-bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital tormenting - Research Paper Example This is additionally done through instant messages and messages which are sent all through the social circuit. Another type of digital harassing is sexting which is getting well known with the expansion being used of mobiles telephones that have imbedded cameras in them. For the most part this is normal with lady friends sending pictures to their beaus by means of media messages. In any case, what these young ladies don't understand is that there are lawful ramifications to this. After separations these sweethearts can utilize these photos to extort or humiliate the sender. Digital tormenting is a mental upsetting type of social brutality among youngsters (Jaishankar 2011). Digital harassing is expanding at a high rate with the expansion in the utilization of innovation like PDAs and PCs. The manners by which tormenting can happen are additionally expanding in light of the fact that little youngsters who approach innovation imagine different approaches to disturb other small kids. Lo ng range interpersonal communication destinations likewise give a discussion to these digital domineering jerks as it is a sheltered medium through which they can undoubtedly perpetrate the wrongdoing of digital tormenting without the dread of being gotten by the other individual. Regardless of this person to person communication sites can't be considered responsible for any sort of detest discourse that is posted on their sites. Digital tormenting has expanded the quantity of suicides submitted by young men and young ladies. A portion of these adolescents can't take in the humiliations and provocations they are being exposed to and consequently fall prey to this demonstration. The notice of digital tormenting now achieves a discussion of how unequivocally governments should act against digital harassing and whether new demonstrations of laws be executed against it or not as the vast majority of the guilty parties included are adolescent. Numerous states in America have just execute d laws against digital tormenting. The province of Missouri had no made against the wrongdoing of digital harassing until the self destruction of a multi year old young lady Megan Meier in 2006. It was then that the state understood that it can't oppress the guilty party on the grounds that digital harassing was not illegal around then. It was after this occurrence that Missouri assembly and senator passed another law that digital tormenting is unlawful badgering by electronic methods for correspondence. This new law additionally requires the schools and universities to make a composed strategy to report any such badgering, which incorporates digital tormenting as well as different sorts of lawful offenses too like following, to the neighborhood police. Presently this wrongdoing is a class A crime. As indicated by this new law the demonstration of digital tormenting stays a class An offense except if 1) carried out by an individual twenty-one years old or more seasoned against an in dividual seventeen years old or more youthful; or 2) the individual has recently perpetrated the wrongdoing of provocation (â€Å"Internet law-Missouri Governor signs digital harassing bill into law†. Web. 2008). After the instance of Megan Meier, Missouri was by all account not the only express that mulled over this and made new laws so as to keep individuals from getting bothered along these lines. Under this law the wrongdoer is punished on the off chance that the individual in question is discovered hassling or foolishly terrifying an underage. Digital tormenting is a wrongdoing which is commonly dedicated by youngsters for the most part adolescents, and are submitted against adolescents too. The under eighteen youngsters go under the adolescent classification so are attempted all the more tolerantly then the grown-ups. The laws for adolescent wrongdoers are a lot

A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer Free Essays

string(106) melodic party drawing more than 500,000 people) may incorporate convention, festivity and community pride. Today, albeit as yet speaking to a little level of the general special spending plan, the expense of rumination dollars for sponsorship strongholds Is developing quickly (Parker, 1991; Candler and Shank, 1989; Scott and Chard, 1992). Not exclusively are today’s sponsorships increasingly refined (I. E. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now , more than basically the gift of money for occasion creation however most firms are expecting a sensible profit for their sponsorship dollar as expanded deals (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992). While firms go into sponsorship courses of action with an assortment of objectives, two of the most significant are: to expand brand mindfulness; and to build up, fortify, or change brand picture Crowley, 1991; Marshall and Cook, 1992; Meghan, 1991; Memorable greenish blue . , 1991). As of late, these objectives have been hypothesized to be significant in the advancement of client based brand value, characterized as the differential impact of brand information on the consumer’s buy choice (Keller, 1993). In Seller’s conceptualization, brand information (which drives client based brand value) Is an element of both the consumer’s consciousness of the brand and the Image(s) related with that mindfulness. â€Å"In specific, the inconstancy, quality, and uniqueness of the brand affiliations assume a basic job in deciding the differential response† (Keller, 1993, p. 8). Brand mindfulness is accomplished by presenting the brand to however many potential customers as could reasonably be expected (Asker, 1 991 ). Sponsorship exercises present various open doors for accomplishing mindfulness destinations, and a great part of the examination to Image creation model 145 International Marketing Review, Volvo. 14 No. 3, 1997, up. 145-158. Macintosh college press, 0265-1335 International Marketing Review date in the sponsorship writing has concentrated on mindfulness issues, for example, support review (e. G. McDaniel and Kinney, 1996). Unfortunately, less consideration has been given to occasion and brand picture issues. Various inquiries exist with respect with the impact of sponsorship limited time exercises on brand and occasion picture. For instance: ; What variables add to an event’s picture? ; Do purchasers partner an event’s picture with supporting brands? ; If there is a picture relationship among occasion and support, is there a hypothetical clarification that can be utilized to comprehend this linkage? ; If there is a picture relationship among occasion and support, what components moderate (fortify or debilitate) this relationship? How does occasion picture impact disposition towards the brand? In spite of the fact that endeavors at estimating the arrival on the sponsorship venture have been made (e. G. , absolute occasion participation, leave surveys, deals following the occasion, and number of media makes reference to), a comprehension of how sponsorship â€Å"works† presently can't seem to be created (Octahedron and Van Kirk, 1992; Cavalry et al. , 1994; Memorable g reenish blue . , 1991; Parker, 1991). The motivation behind this article is to introduce a model clarifying the systems by which brand picture might be affected through sponsorship exercises. In particular, drawing on the hypothesis of importance rareness from the VIP support writing, a model is introduced which recommends the elements engaged with making an event’s picture and the ensuing exchange of that picture to the supporting brand. Besides, a few variables are distinguished that may direct the connection between occasion picture and brand picture. While the focal point of this article is on the reasonable improvement of picture move in sponsorship, an assortment of research suggestions are offered to manage future experimental request. A system for the exchange of occasion picture Model conceptualization and review Brand picture has been characterized as â€Å"perceptions about brand as reflected by the brand affiliations held in memory’ (Keller, 1993, p. 3). Keller proposes that the fluctuation, uniqueness, and quality of the affiliations are basic to a brand’s achievement. Brand affiliations are created from an assortment of sources including item use, enlightening sources (e. G. , promoting, bundling, informal), and relationship with different substances. The â€Å"association with other entities† source is of specific importance to sponsorship action. Keller has recommended that when a brand becomes related with an occasion, a portion of the affiliations connected with the occasion (e. . , young, unwinding, pleasant, frustrating, complex, tip top, and so forth ) may get connected in memory with the brand. This exchange of affiliations is reliable with inquire about in the superstar underwriting process. Starting exploration in regards to superstar underwriting concentrated on the validity and engaging quality of the message source (I. E. Big name) to clarify the enticing idea of endorsers. That is, increasingly sound and appealing endorsers were seen as progressively powerful. In any case, McCracken (1989), highlighting clashing exploration results, recommended that support adequacy is better clarified by the â€Å"meanings† purchasers partner with the VIP endorser and in this way move to the brand. McCracken utilizes t he term â€Å"meaning† to depict consumers’ generally speaking evaluations of what a superstar â€Å"represents† dependent on counterblasts sun as social class, sex, age, character Ana Testily. In singular attributes (e. . , grand, trashy, maleness, solid, mindful, sexual, contemptuous, astute) are incorporated to characterize the significance of the big name. Which means which has been gathered through their jobs in â€Å"television, motion pictures, military, games, ND other careers† is thought to live in VIPs (McCracken, 1989, p. 315). As indicated by McCracken, the significance ascribed to big names moves from the VIP endorser to the item when the two are matched in an ad. That is, implications related with the big name become related with the item in the brain of the purchaser. To finish the significance move process, buyers secure the importance in the item through utilization. This procedure is outlined in Figure 1. 147 Figure 1 . Which means development in the underwriting procedure McCracken (1989) â€Å"meaning† in superstars is practically equivalent to Seller’s (1993) occasion affiliations. Following the show put forth by Keller concerning brand picture, this article utilizes the term occasion â€Å"image† to speak to the combined understanding of implications or affiliations credited to occasions by customers. A correlation can be drawn between VIP endorsers and occasions. Similarly as shoppers partner famous people with specific implications, so too are occasions related with specific characteristics and mentalities. It is recommended here that these affiliations are gotten from the event’s type, occasion qualities, and a few individual purchaser factors. This isn't not normal for the significance ascribed to a big name being framed by the different jobs the person involves. For instance, occasion affiliations ascribed to the yearly Chicago Blues Festival (a food and melodic party drawing more than 500,000 individuals) may incorporate custom, festival and community pride. You read A Model of Image Creation and Image Transfer in class Papers Extending this idea of importance move from the big name endorser writing, it is proposed that occasions demonstration in a way comparable to endorsers in the exchange of picture to supporting brands. The system introduced in Figure 2 estimates from McCracken VIP support model to propose that International Marketing Review 14,3 148 Figure 2. A model of picture creation and picture move in occasion sponsorship occasion picture is framed from various outer and inward factors. Through sponsorship, an event’s picture, which might be moderately particular for various purchaser gatherings, might be moved through relationship to the supporting item. As showed in the figure, a few elements may direct the quality of this picture move. This conversation prompts the contribution of the principal inquire about suggestion: Pl : Through sponsorship, an event’s picture will become related with the supporting Winged serpent ‘s Image. Determinants of occasion picture An event’s picture is spoken to by a specific market segment’s by and large emotional view of the action. The proposed system recommends three factors that may affect one’s view of a specific occasion: occasion type, occasion qualities, and individual variables. Occasion type . As per the prior definition, occasion type can be arranged into in any event five zones: sports related, music related, celebration/reasonable related, expressive arts related (e. G. Expressive dance, workmanship display, theater, and so forth ), and proficient gathering/expo related. The kind of occasion impacts occasion picture in an assortment of ways. To begin with, it evokes picture relationship in the psyche of the buyer. That is, most people, through past support or different types of presentation (informal, TV, and so forth ) will build up certain mentalities (I. E. , positive or negative inclinations towards an occasi on) in regards to specific occasions. These perspectives will serve to outline the picture of the specific occasion type. Note notwithstanding, that one’s demeanor towards an occasion is just a single piece of an event’s picture. One’s mentality towards an occasion speaks to a rundown of encounters bringing about some mineral inclination to react to an occasion in a reliably great or horrible way. In this manner, occasion mentality is a suffering assessment (Cohen, 1990). While an event’s picture will be emphatically affected by one’s disposition towards the occasion, occasion picture will likewise be sway

Rational Choice Theory essays

Reasonable Choice Theory papers Since the finish of WWII another and dubious hypothesis has emerged in the political theory world, the Rational Choice hypothesis. This strategy concerns itself all the more unequivocally with clarification and examination rather then the conventional enlightening and critical technique for taking a gander at political wonder. As appeared in the article It isnt Rocket Science, yet... The sane decision researcher concerns itself more with the technique by which an individual approaches settling on a choice when confronted with various other options. Be that as it may, alongside the rise of this new hypothesis, resistances to it have additionally risen. In the article When did Political Science disregard governmental issues the genuine unwavering quality of this hypothesis is tested. Consequently, one must ask itself, is it conceivable to build up an all inclusive logical hypothesis that could apply to every single political region? Can Political Science be seen as a science? These are the issues that these articles are based on. As referenced over, the principal article concentrates more on the genuine strategies utilized by a person when confronted with all the more then one chance or result. It takes a gander at what a people inclinations with respect to a ultimate result are and the convictions that manage the person in getting to which instrument he should use to accomplish their ideal result. In an absolutely straightforward manner, it considers an individual solely as far as the things the individual in question needs and the things the person accepts. We need to discover how an individual settles on decisions when stood up to with choices. Since political conduct is frequently about settling on decisions our model will furnish us with hunches and instincts about how a nonexclusive or delegate individual goes up against these conditions in the theoretical (1). To make it a stride further, the reasonable choicer accepts that all people are levelheaded creatures. That is, they utilize their inclinations and convictions to come about creation choices in their everyda... <!

Urgent Term Paper: No Longer a Mystery

Urgent Term Paper: No Longer a Mystery Urgent Term Paper for Dummies Term paper writing is among the absolute most responsible tasks that students have to fulfill during the analysis in the greater educational institutions. A term paper has an important part in the life span of college students. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. Our paper writing service has a succession of functions that lots of students find very helpful. Urgent Term Paper - the Story Before you commence writing a term paper, consider the research work and investigation you want to achieve. A lot of students have located our services as one of the very best in term paper and essay writing businesses. Whether you're a high school student or a doctorate student, we've got the tools and a professional team of writers and editors to assist you with your assignments. Sooner or later, just about any college student will need to compose a term paper that marshals research on a t opic. 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Jean Piaget s Theory Of Psychology And Philosophy

Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel Switzerland august 9, 1896 too Author Piaget and Rebecca Jackson. He died in Geneva on September 16, 1980. The oldest child, he took an interest in nature very early. At the age of ten he published his first paper, a one page encounter of him seeing an albino sparrow. In high school he began publishing on his favorite subject, mollusks. Among European students of mollusks who assumed he was an adult, his work became well known. Piaget attended the University of Neuchatel after high school where he composed his own philosophy. At the university he studied natural sciences and obtained his Ph.D. during this time he published two philosophical essays that formed the basis of his structuralist philosophy.†¦show more content†¦Piaget became interested in the nature of thought, especially in the development of thinking. He called it genetic epistemology, which means the study of the development of knowledge. During his career Piaget occupied a number of chairs. From 1929-1967 he worked as the director of International Bureau Of Education; 1940 he occupied the seat of chair of experimental psychology, the director of the psychology laboratory and president of the Swiss Society of Psychology; in 1955 he created and directed the international center for genetic epistemology until he past. Piaget noticed that infants have certain skills dealing with objects in their environment. How an infant explored his or her environment and gained more knowledge is referred to as schemas. An infant can grab a rattle and thrust it into its mouth Piaget referred to this as assimilation. When the same infant comes across a new object for instance a round ball he will try his old schema of grab and thrust of course this doesn’t work with the new object so the schema adapts to the new object. His process is called accommodation. Assimilation and accommodation are two sides of learning, adaptation. Assimilation and accommodation have been compared to the swings of a pendulum. He refers to this as equilibrium, according to Piaget they are directed at a balance between the structure of the mind and the environment, which

Should Students Be Given Homework Tasks For Complete...

Should students be given homework tasks to complete outside school, or are such tasks pointless? Homework takes a lot of time up. Being a child is not just about doing school work. It should also be about staying physically active, exploring the outdoors through play, doing creative things like music and art, and playing a part in the community. It is also important for young people to build bonds with others, especially family and friends, but homework often squeezes the time available for all these things. Homework can be the cause for many social skill problems and in term, affects the child in making relationships with others. Homework has little educational worth and adds nothing to time spent in school. Some schools and some†¦show more content†¦This affects both the students and their parents. Too much homework was found to make students less productive. In a poll, fifty-six percent of students attributed any stress in their lives to too much homework. Less than one p ercent of students said that homework was not a stressor. Homework causes high levels of stress and puts students at a greater risk for health problems, including lack of balance in their lives. Researchers did find that students spending a lot of time on homework had a better level of engagement in school. However, these students were also affected by high stress and physical health problems (D. Lees). Is homework an academic benefit? There has been a lot of research put into this topic. There is not much evidence of homework being an academic benefit in elementary school, and there is isn t much evidence in high school either. There is some correlation between homework and standardized test scores, but it isn t strong. The lack of unequivocal connections between homework and learning, combined with strong opinions both for and against homework may spur policymakers to look at this issue. Many tests have been performed to see if homework really is a benefit. The results sway both ways, but more times the homework shows no academic benefits. It depends on what type of learning style the student has. If the homework isn t effective to the student,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Homework On Students Lives Outside Of School1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdo. As these tasks are quite time consuming, students state that homework is the most out of all the unpaid activities they do throughout the day, as 60% complete 2 hours and 20 minutes on average each day (CBC news, 2007). T he amount of homework students receive on average daily has greatly increased in the past 15 years, which concerns parents. Homework interferes with students’ lives outside of school, a student’s overall health, and consumes countless hours, which is why it should be limited toRead MoreThe Effects Of Homework On Students Lives Outside Of School1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdo. As these tasks are quite time consuming, students state that homework is the most out of all the unpaid activities they do throughout the day, as 60% complete 2 hours and 20 minutes on average each day (CBC news, 2007). The amount of homework students receive on average daily has greatly increased in the past 15 years, which concerns parents. Homework interferes with students’ lives outside of school, a student’s overall health, and consumes countless hours, which is why it should be limited toRead MoreIs Homework a Burden or a Benefit?1417 Words   |  6 Pagesal Homework is Benefic ial or Burden? Homework is defined as piece work done at home or an assignment given to students to be completed outside regular class work or preparatory reading or research for discussion. Homework is whether a burden or not that cannot be decided randomly. It may include the analysis of various factors that declares it as a burden and on the other hand a necessity. One of the factor, however is the teachers who assigns the homework as if the intensions are to burden studentsRead MoreHomework Is The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly979 Words   |  4 PagesHomework, the good, the bad, and the ugly. Does homework truly have a positive effect on improving student achievement? Homework is the task assigned by a teacher to a student to be completed outside of the classroom. Homework can range from reading a story, writing or typing research, solving math problems, or a project. Teachers assign these task in order for the student to increase their knowledge on the topic at hand. Parents, at least most of them, agree that homework needs to be done inRead MoreMary : A Year Old Female With No Disabilities Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mary† is a six-year-old female with no disabilities. She currently attends a private school and struggles to meet first grade academic expectations. Mary has been coming to me for tutoring since February 2016. She performs off-task behavior six times in a sixty-second-time frame. The off-task behavior consists of off-topic conversation, crawling under the table, tapping pencil on the table, and avoiding eye contact with the assignment either by staring at a wall, ceiling, table, or the adultRead MoreThe Importance Of Teaching And Classroom Management1692 Words   |  7 Pagesonly was I given opportunities to teach, I was also given opportunities to observe my mentor teacher and other teachers. Through these observations I gained an understanding of multiple aspects of teaching and classroom management that I would often miss or be u naware of during my own teaching. When analysing my observations, there were a number of themes that stood out. However, it was the students that interested me the most. The school is largely multicultural with over 35% of the school populationRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Student s Education1675 Words   |  7 PagesCould you imagine trying to complete a group assignment without GoogleDcos or studying for an exam without Quizlet in today’s educational environment? Throughout the past few years, technology has created a known presence in America’s school systems. Whether it be used for home, testing, or as supplemental material for a lesson plan, technology has made itself to be detrimental to our student’s education and learning. Students who it tends to impact the most though are those in special educationRead MoreSocial Justice Syllabus1518 Words   |  7 Pageschallenging content is designed to prepare students for career and college readiness. I n addition to reading,  varied writing assignments and projects are also designed to help students prepare for college, future professions, or community activism.   Each writing assignment is based on the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts, which emphasize the development of writing styles within each rhetorical mode and across the curriculum.  All students will be challenged and offered the toolsRead MoreBenefits Of Assigning Homework1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthe long debate over whether or not homework should be assigned within the school system. Are there benefits to assigning homework, or is the purpose of homework being defeated? The different sections will examine the benefits of homework, reasons why homework is not beneficial and personal opinions on homework. Benefits of Assigning Homework Assigning homework has been an ongoing debate for many years. Is homework helpful or is it a waste of time for students? Are there positive benefits or onlyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Fox s Hollow 1138 Words   |  5 Pages outsmarting others comes easily to them. The similarities between these intelligent creatures and Mrs. Amy Fox goes far deeper than their name. Amy Fox is an English instructor, her class is not one to scoff at and anyone looking for and easy A, should look the other directions. For, any grammatical error, any inconsistencies in an argument, Fox will weed them out. With sharp eyes and numerous college degrees at her back, nothing gets past her. To pass her class one must also become a fox; clever

Sabor Internaional Case Study free essay sample

In this case study, we review Sabor’s current position with regards to its supply source of Macronil, the main component for its air filtration units. We evaluate this using the Karljic matrix and his 4-phase methodology (Kraljic, 1983) as our theoretical framework and analyze the options available to Sabor Inc. using the case information and data provided. We then conclude with our goal of offering viable recommendations to Sabor, given the constraints, to better Sabor’s purchasing position in this situation. Current State Sabor has been informed by all 3 of its suppliers of a potential supply shortages in the market for Macronil, a critical component for Sabor’s air filtration units. Sabor’s products are air heating and cooling systems, however, there is a growing demand for Macronil filters, not only with new installations of these systems, but as retrofits as well. Macronil filters are not only more technologically advanced than its next best substitute, which is the electronic air cleaner, but is also cheaper to install and require less frequent maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Sabor Internaional Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Currently, Sabor’s requirements are met with quarterly, semi-annual or annual contracts. However, Sabor’s suppliers have forewarned that they will no longer guarantee supplies based on the current supply practice, in the event of a market-wide shortage of the product. Sabor’s suppliers have all proposed long term contracts as a solution but Ray Soles, Sabor’s VP for Supply Chain, is not keen to deviate from current practices. Ray has heard rumors that a much lower-cost substitute could possibly be developed in a few years’ time and suspects that his suppliers wanted to tie Sabor down with long term contracts as a result. Problem Statement We note 2 key issues with regard to Sabor’s current purchasing situation. Firstly, Sabor is highly dependent in terms of knowledge and capacity, on its vendors for a strategic component. †¢Knowledge: Macronil is patented and must be produced under license from Bilt Chemical. Ray does not have much knowledge on the actual manufacturing process. †¢Capacity: Ray has heard that increases in capacity are expensive, we can therefore conclude that start-up costs would be a very high. The supply of 2 of 3 components of Macronil are relatively stable, there is no mention of the 3rd component and we assume otherwise. †¢Strategic component: oSince the process of incorporating Macronil into air filtration units was developed and patented by Sabor Inc. , it is likely that Sabor had invested significantly in the RD of this product. oMacronil is required for Sabor’s patented air filtration units which accounts for 9% of total sales, and demand is still growing. oMacronil filters are not only popular with new installations of Sabor’s, but also with retrofits of their older systems. It is likely that demand of Sabor’s air systems is closely linked with the demand for Macronil filters. Therefore any disruption to the availability of Macronil filters could potentially impact the sales of Sabor’s core product. The financial impact could very well be more than the 9% of total sales volumes. oThere are currently no other substitutes for Macronil in the market. Secondly, There is a lot of uncertainty in the long term demand for Macronil. While the demand for Macronil filters is expected to remain stable â€Å"for years to come†, as the Macronil filters will need to be replaced every 6 months, the requirement for Macronil by Sabor remains uncertain. Rumor has it that a much lower-cost substitute could be developed in a few years’ time. Sabor’s suppliers may be using long-term contracts as a means of passing on the risk of obsolescence to Sabor. Theoretical Framework In his article, Karljic talks about purchasing as a critical management area with a significant impact on a company’s bottom line. We use his 4-phase approach to analyze Sabor’s position in order to propose appropriate supply strategies. 1)Classification This stage deals with the assessment of supply risk and profit impact. Karljic assesses supply risk in terms of availability, number of suppliers, competitive demand, make-or-buy opportunities, storage risks and substitution possibilities. Based on our analysis in the earlier section, we have noted the high supply risk and high profit impact of Macronil for Sabor. This would place Sabor on the Strategic quadrant of the Karljic matrix as shown below. Leverage Strategic Non-critical Bottleneck Profit Impact Supply Risk Figure 1: The Karljic Matrix (Kraljic, 1983) 2)Market Analysis During this stage a company compares its own strength as a customer to the bargaining power of its suppliers. Company systematically reviews the supply market to check it for the availability of required items or materials in terms quality, quantity and relative strength of existing vendors. Along with supply market assessment a company analyzes its own needs and supply lines to have a clear idea about getting the kind of supply terms it wants. Purchasing portfolio evaluation criteria is designed for these purposes and helps to accurately assess all the necessary criteria for right supply decision making. We extracted the following table from Karljic’s article and assessed the strengths of both Sabor and its suppliers. Purchasing portfolio evaluation criteria Supplier strengthSabor’s Suppliers’ StrengthCompany strengthSabor’s Strength 1. Market size versus supplier capacityNo information on market size, however Bilt Chemical holds the patents and we therefore expect their capacity to be significant with regard to market size. Purchasing volume versus capacity of main unitsSabor’s purchases currently account for 23% of the total capacity of it’s 3 suppliers and 25% of Bilt Chemical’s total output. See appendix. 2. Market growth versus capacity growthIncreases in capacity are expensive. Demand growth versus capacity growthDemand is being forecasted to grow at an annual rate of 20% for the next 3 years. 3. Capacity utilization or bottleneck riskUnknownCapacity utilization of main unitsExpected to increase 4. Competitive structureMonopolistic in structure. Bilt Chemical holds the patents to Macronil. Market share vis-a’-vis main competition100% Sabor holds the patents to Macronil filters 5. ROI and/or ROCUnknown. Assumed high for Bilt Chemical due to patents. Profitability of main end productsHigh 6. Cost and price structureUnknownCost and price structureCost of Macronil averages at about 20% of selling price. See appendix. 7. Break-even stabilityUnknownCost of non-deliveryVery high. Macronil filters account for more than 9% of annual sales volume. Could potentially affect sales of Sabor’s primary product 8. Uniqueness of product and technological stabilityNew, high-tech product. Could be destabilized by introduction of much lower cost alternative in a few years. Own production capability or integration depth Possibly none. Barriers to entry include high start-up costs, licensing 9. Entry barrier (capital and know-how requirementsHigh Bilt Chemical holds the patents to Macronil. Increases in capacity are expensive. Entry cost for new sources versus cost for own production Equally high. 10. Logistics situationUnknown, Assume no issues. LogisticsUnknown, Assume no issues. 3)Strategic positioning Where the company positions the material that was classified as strategic during the phase 1. This phase also helps to identify areas of opportunity or vulnerability, evaluate supply risks and obtain the basic thrusts (exploit, balance or diversify) for the needed items. In this case, we know that Sabor does not play a dominant role. We note the tone of the email from Bilt Chemical given in the case material to be that of a dominant one, dictating the terms of the meeting and cautioning non-delivery. We acknowledge that this could also signify desperation on the part of Bilt Chemical to tie Sabor down to a long-term contract. While we cannot quantify if Sabor’s strength is medium or low with regard to its suppliers, the diversified approach is not a plausible one due to high barriers to entry. Therefore, we concur with the balanced approach. 4)Action plans The fourth phase involves mapping out action plans to secure long term supplies. We will discuss this in the following section in relation to Sabor. Alternatives available to Sabor A comparison of the proposals from the 3 suppliers: SupplierDurationTermsQuantity commitment (pounds)Price per unitPrice Review period Bilt Chemical5 yearsTake-or-pay25,000 – annual increase of 20%$50 (subject to energy, raw materials labor)Quarterly Warton Inc. 2 yearsTake-or-pay10,000$50 (subject to energy, raw materials labor)Quarterly G. K. SpecialitiesOpenContract can be dropped anytime by either party12. 5% of Sabor’s annual requirements (currently 4,800)$56 (subject to inflation, energy, raw materials labor)Semi-annually Risk Assessment of each contact: StrategyFlexibilityCostSupply RiskFinancial RiskOther issues Contract with Bilt ChemicalMost inflexible – 5 years with take-or pay commitmentsCost fixed at $50 per unit for 5 years but subject to energy, raw materials laborLow – sufficient capacity, holds patents to MacronilHigh –if lower-cost product becomes available within the 5 years, Sabor will be tied down to the higher cost componentStrengthen partnership with Bilt Chemical who is also a long time supplier of other raw materials to Sabor Contract with Warton Inc. Inflexible – 2 years with take-or pay commitmentsCost fixed at $50 per unit for 2 years but subject to energy, raw materials laborMed – Warton manufactures a variety of other Macronil products, in the event of a shortage, Warton may not be able to meet un-contracted requirements by SaborLow Contract with G. K. SpecialitiesFlexible – can be dropped at any time by other partyHighest per unit cost of $56 and subjected to inflation, energy, raw materials labor Very high – contract can be dropped any time by supplier, manufactures other Macronil products, in the event of a shortage, Sabor’s supply would likely be affectedLow Alternatives: 1. Single sourcing – long term contract with Bilt Chemical 2. Dual sourcing – long term contract with Bilt Chemical and Warton Inc. or G. K. Specialities 3. Contracts with all 3 suppliers 4. Status Quo – ruled out because of significant supply risk. 5. Negotiation of contracts Recommendation Based on our analysis using Karljic’s model as our framework, a balanced approach is the direction to take with regard to Sabor’s purchasing situation. We propose the following actions with this in mind: 1. Contract with Bilt Chemical Bilt is the dominant supplier and holds the patents to Macronil. Bilt Chemical is also a longtime supplier of other raw materials to Sabor. Therefore, we see strengthening the strategic partnership with Bilt Chemical as a necessary step in maintain certainty in the supply chain. With the possibility of a much lower-cost substitute being developed in the market, however, 5 years may be a long time to commit. We recommend that Ray Soles negotiates the duration of the contract to a relatively shorter one, like what Warton is proposing. Should Bilt Chemical remain firm on this, Ray should work on a price negotiation – reducing the unit cost and/or extending the review period to that of annually, rather than quarterly. 2. Contract with Warton Inc. We agree with the direction and rationale that Ray has taken so far with regard to multi-sourcing. Maintaining the relationship with Warton is strategic in mitigating supply risks. The length of Warton’s contract is relatively short and would also translate to some stability in the supply chain, therefore Sabor should engage in the proposed contract with Warton. 3. G. K. Specialities G. K. Specialities is proposing a higher unit cost than the rest. We do not see a basis for accepting the higher cost proposed by G. K. Specialities. Also, the flexibility of this contract does not translate into any benefit for Sabor in terms of assurance of supply. We suggest that Ray continues to engage G. K. Specialities however, for strategic reasons i. e. the mitigation of supply risk with the condition that price is comparable with the other 2 bigger players. References Kraljic, P. (1983). Purchasing must become supply management. Harvard Business Review, 109-117. Table 1 Assumption 1. The marketing forecast is accurate- sales increase 20% in next three years; and the demand for real material increase 20% per year. Company Capacity (in pounds)Purchase (In Pounds) Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6 Bilt Chemical80,0005,00010,00020,000 Warton Inc40,00003,0008,000 G. K. Specialties20,00004,000 Purchase Volume (pounds)5,00013,00032,00038,40046,08055,296 Unit price ($/pound)394244505051 Purchase cost ($) 195,000546,0001,408,0001,920,0002,304,0002,820,096 Table 2 Forecast the unit price for next 2 years (Logarithmic Regression Analysis) Y1Y2Y3Y4Y5Y6 Unit Price39434450 Y5=$50 Y6=$51 Table 3 Purcument percentage from each supplier. Nearly 90% of materials buy from Bilt Warton in Y3; Bilt Warton are very important vendors for Sabor. Company Capacity (in pounds)Purchase (In Pounds)Weight Y1Y2Y3 Bilt Chemical80,0005,00010,00020,00063% Warton Inc40,00003,0008,00025% G. K. Specialties20,00004,00013% Total140,0005,00013,00032,000 Table 4 The purchase from Bilt increased significantly in last 3 years account for 6% to 25% of its production capacity. Sabor is an important customer for Bilt. Company Capacity (in pounds)Purchase (In Pounds)Weight Y1Y2Y3Y1Y2Y3 Bilt Chemical80,0005,00010,00020,0006%13%25% Warton Inc40,00003,0008,0000%8%20% G. K. Specialties20,00004,0000%20% Total140,0005,00013,00032,000 Table 5 Cost of Marconil Vs. Sales Analysis SalesCost of MarconilRM Cost/Sales Y11,100,000195,00017. 73% Y22,900,000546,00018. 83% Y37,200,0001,408,00019. 56% Y48,640,0001,920,00022. 22% Y510,368,0002,304,00022. 22% Y612,441,600 2,820,09622. 67% Table 6 Capacity (in pounds)Purchase volumePercentage Y180,0005,0006% Y280,00010,00013% Y380,00020,00025% Y480,00038,40048% Y580,00046,08058%