Same Sex Marriage A Harmless Change - 1603 Words

Same Sex Marriage: A Harmless Change What a great day it is to be writing about same-sex marriages! As of today, June 26th, 2015, same sex marriage is now legal in ALL fifty states. When I first started working on this project, same-sex marriages were not legal nationwide in the United States of America. In fact, it was only legal in a select few of the states. Because same sex-marriages are considered as queer and deviant, it has been a widely controversial issue. This problem, however, has finally been addressed by the supreme court and changes have been made for the better. We are now the twenty-first country on the globe to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide. As a tribute for further support of this historical moment, here are some comparative statistics, logical reasoning, and pros about the legalization of same-sex marriages. For the most part, America was not at all the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. Most of the first countries were, in f act, smaller ones in Europe. Based on the article â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage: A New Social Phenomenon† by Charnie and Mirkin, the first country to ever legalize gay marriage was the Netherlands in 2001 (531). Followed by Belgium in 2003, Canada and Spain in 2005, South Africa in 2006, Norway and Sweden in 2009, Argentina, Iceland, Portugal, and Mexico City in 2010. Based on the chart provided in Table 1, after the legalization of same-sex marriage, the cumulative total of marriages increased byShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesstates provided their citizens with the right to marry the opposite sex and thirteen states did not condone this behavior among their citizens. Having equal rights for all people in America has the potential to boost the psychological and spiritual growth of our economy through individual happiness. All people deserve the right to express themselves as individuals, even if that means that they want to be married to someone who is the same gender as them. In September of 2014, two elderly ladies, overRead MorePornography : Not So Harmless1582 Words   |  7 PagesPornography: Not So Harmless The word pornography brings to mind graphic images and videos of sex and nudity. Pornography isn’t a modern idea, in fact, media meant to arouse sexual desires has existed throughout centuries of human history. Explicit murals were found among the ruins of Pompeii. The ancient Romans were delighted by erotic poetry, while the ancient Greeks adorned their pottery with sexual images. In 19th-century France, men would curtain obscene works of art and only uncover themRead MorePredictors And Consequences Of Sexual Abuse Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent casual sex encounter as reported by Psychology Today in the article â€Å"10 Things We ve Learned About Hookups and Regret†. Hooking up can be a positive, harmless thing if both people are on the same page. However, sometimes there are heavy consequences. According to the same article, 25% of people feel used or confused about their most recent hook up and people with a higher quantity of sexual partners are more l ikely to feel regret. Studies also show that high numbers of casual sex encountersRead More Pornography Causes Desensitization, Aggression, and Alienation1265 Words   |  6 Pagesbut it has spread like wildfire through its secrecy and silence (Kendrick 1). Many find pornography harmless, a step toward a greater sexual liberation, a way to set free the secret parts of the soul (Griffin 1). If only they knew the secret they would discover would be an addiction that has the power to last forever! Pornography grows into peoples lives leading to destruction of their marriages, families, and sense of heterosexual love. Like any other addiction, pornography asks only, for one stepRead MoreCritical Commentary on to His Coy Mistress1563 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Commentary Andrew Marvell’s ‘To His Coy Mistress’ embodies the male craving for intercourse, as in the poem the narrator tries to convince a woman to have sex with him. The poem is abounded with metaphysical conceits and really depicts the theme of carpe diem. With the exploitation of numerous motifs, compelling imagery and its rhythm, Marvell is able to construct a very influential argument. Initially, Marvell uses the metaphysical conceit to compliment the woman as a means of persuasionRead MoreAn Argument Of Visual Rhetoric1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthey will be able to make a change. There is so much controversy on whether or not being a transgender or homosexual is okay. There is a rising population of transgender and homosexual people in our society. A transgender is a person who insists that they were born into the wrong body. While they have the body of one gender, transgender people have the conscience of the opposite gender. A homosexual is someone who is emotionally and physically attracted to the same sex or gender. According to wwwRead MoreComparing Judaism and Buddhisim on Controversial Topics912 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent time period, is another enormous topic being debated across the globe. Within the three main branches of Judaism, each takes a different stance on homosexuality. Reform Jews don’t disapprove of homosexuals and are, in fact, approve of same sex marriage. On the other hand, Orthodox Jews forbid the act of homosexuality but recently things have been turning in a new direction for gay orthodox Jews. Some families are more accepting than they were years ago and even though they accept their childrenRead MorePornograp hy is Immoral Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesmultiple sex partners without the need of any commitment. Although it is for this reason that this business is permitted, there are many overlooked, long – term affects that have become topics of controversy. Not only does pornography affect those who indulge in it, but it can influence those who divulge in it as well, especially those who access it at an early age. Thus, I believe pornography is immoral because it negatively influences opinions regarding sex, it promotes more violence in sex, and itRead MoreThe Return Of Martin Guerre1151 Words   |  5 Pagestogether to invent a marriage between them. The story is about identity, culture and love in 16th century peasant society. Martin Guerre takes place in 16th century southern France, in a village called Artigat where the Guerre family is highly respected and is one of the leading families. Davis takes the story first of when the Basque Guerre’s arrive in Artigat and their quick assent in the village society. Davis explains that Martin’s father, Sanxi, arranged a political marriage with another highRead MoreHate Crimes In The Lgbt Community1580 Words   |  7 Pagesbisexual, or transgender. Lesbian, bisexual, and gay people are attracted to other people of their own gender. In the 1900s, same sex behavior was considered illegal and was highly frowned upon by society. It was in 1969 when the modern LGBT community was born. The Stonewall Inn in Greenwich village, NYC, became known as the birthplace of the LGBT community because it was when a change of heart spread through the community. One night at the bar, police stormed in and held a police raid. There were so many

Essay about Dollar Diplomacy - 1577 Words

Dollar Diplomacy Ever since the 17 republics of mainland Latin America emerged from the wreck of the Spanish Empire in the early 19th century, North Americans had viewed them with a mixture of condescension and contempt that focused on their alien culture, racial mix, unstable politics, and moribund economies. The Western Hemisphere seemed a natural sphere of U.S. influence, and this view had been institutionalized in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 warning European states that any attempt to extend their system to the Americas would be viewed as evidence of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States itself. On the one hand, the doctrine seemed to underscore republican familiarity, as suggested by references to our sister†¦show more content†¦rights to the naval base. In the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine the United States assumed an international police power in cases where Latin-American insolvency might lead to European intervention. Foreign intervention in Latin American resurfaced as an issue in U.S. foreign policy at the turn of the century as European governments began to use force to pressure several Latin American countries to repay their debts. For example, British, German, and Italian gunboats blockaded Venezuela’s ports in 1902 when the Venezuelan government defaulted on its debts to foreign bondholders. Many Americans worried that European intervention in Latin America would undermine their country’s traditional dominance in the region. Quoting an African proverb, Roosevelt claimed that the right way to conduct foreign policy was to speak softly and carry a big stick. Roosevelt resorted to big-stick diplomacy most conspicuously in 1903, when he helped Panama to secede from Colombia and gave the United States a Canal Zone. Construction began at once on the Panama Canal, which Roosevelt visited in 1906, the first president to leave the country while in office. He considered the construction of the canal, a symbol of the triumph of American determination and technological know-how, his greatest accomplishment as president. As he later boasted in his autobiography, I took the Isthmus, started the canal and then leftShow MoreRelatedDiplomacy As A Communication Process Of International Relations2440 Words   |  10 PagesIn the field of International relations, one of the most important instruments is referred to as Diplomacy. Diplomacy according to various scholars is extremely important in the process of implementing a country’s foreign policy and its various objectives in the international community. Some scholars describe diplomacy as a communication process between international actors that seek through negotiation to resolve certain issues and also to push their foreign policy objectives. Rese arch states thatRead MorePanama Foreign Policy Essays796 Words   |  4 PagesCanal that receives vessels and boats passing by every day from everywhere in the world. This unique feature attracts other states to negotiate and make agreements with the petite country. Democracy has shaped their foreign relations, therefore diplomacy has been the only way in which they dealt with big powers to smaller countries. Panama has developed a friendly, although rational communication with Asia and communist countries, meanwhile having a tight relationship with the West and the otherRead MoreIndonesia Is An Archipelago Nation Consisting Of More Than1591 Words   |  7 Pagessought after as a trade partner. However, Indonesia’s influence does not just stem from its membership in these organizations alone, it also comes from the exertion of â€Å"soft power† by setting an example Indonesia is able to use subtle methods of diplomacy to achieve its goals in the region. Indonesia is an example that democracy is a viable form of government in large, diverse and economically challenged nations (Economist 2009). It is not because democracy works smoothly in Indonesia, it is becauseRead MoreWhat Does Power Exist? Essay2284 Words   |  10 Pagesreducing the goods or services available to other countries has a long history in world politics. 3. Military means. Actual or threatened military force has received more attention than any other means in international relations. 4. Diplomatic means. Diplomacy includes a wide array of practices, including representation and negotiation† (Baldwin 1985, p. 275). For an example of the utilization of symbolic means to influence the behaviour of another state, Steve Jones (2016), a US Foreign Policy expertRead MoreThe Similarities And Differences Between The Monetary And Banking Systems2125 Words   |  9 PagesAmerica Currency in America The first Colonial currency was issued in 1690 by the Massachusetts Bay Colony, while America was under British rule. Other colonies began to issue their own paper currency, and use of the denominated in Spanish Milled Dollars, Colonial notes were also denominated in British shillings, pounds, and pence. In 1764, the British declared Colonial currency illegal. The Continental Congress in 1775 issued currency to help finance the Revolutionary War with notes were calledRead MoreThe Limitations Of Contemporary Currency Hegemony And The Transition1314 Words   |  6 PagesMultipolarity The prevailing presumption amongst currency scholars of the past century is that issuing a currency that dominates global markets and trading is of overwhelming benefit, largely interpreted via the gains made by the US as the issuer of the dollar. These benefits have been both political and economic in nature, as discussed in the previous chapter. However, both domestic and external factors have begun to detract from the dollar’s pinnacle currency gains, and leads to questions of whether whatRead MoreThe Major Cornerstone For The U.s.s Economic Prosperity And International Hegemony1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe largest independent factor to influence American international interests has been the implementation and preserva The Petrodollar System From the Gold Standard To Black Gold By: Gibson J.T. Intro Behind the global power of the U.S. dollar, hides the most significant form of currency you ve probably never heard of, the Petrodollar. The word â€Å"Petrodollar† was coined by the Egyptian economist Ibrahim Oweiss, as a way to describe how oil producing and exporting countries were accountingRead MoreCub A Long Time952 Words   |  4 Pagesoffers free education and health care, compensation as well as retirement benefit. According to the World Bank, as of 2013, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Cuba was 77.15 billion U.S. dollars, which represents 0.12% of the world economy. The GDP reached its peak in 2013 while a lowest record of 5.69 billion dollars in 1970. In addition, the service sector contributes around 75% of Cuba’s GDP, while manufacturing industry contributes about 21%, and agriculture contributes a mere 4%. Based on reportRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy3193 Words   |  13 Pagesgetting clear that China configured on leadership in the global competition. After supporting the exchange rate in the hard peg to the US dollar for many years, in July 2005, China has re-evaluated the yuan s value and moved towards to increasing of its exchange rate against the world currencies. Although, the exchange rate still stayed pegged to the US dollar until the June 2010, when Beijing decided to gradually revalue the yuan again. Overall, gradual and persistent institutional change and policyRead MoreThe Proposed Bill, Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act Of 20132561 Words   |  11 PagesJapan and China, the second and third largest world economies, came up with plans to promote â€Å"the direct exchange of their currencies†. They want to â€Å"by pass the need to use dollar†. Moreover, this becomes the trend for the economies around the world to do â€Å"currency swap† agreements. They agreements would lead to the end of â€Å"Dollar Hegemony† and the start of â€Å"new international financial architecture†. (Yu 2013) United States should wait until China takes the action to devalue yuan by itself which will

Divorce 3 Essay Example For Students

Divorce 3 Essay DIVORCEDivorce in GeneralA divorce is a legal ending of a marriage. It occurs when two spouses feel that a legal separation is the only way to put an end to their problems such as, differences in goals, financial difficulties, or poor sexual relationships. Most countries including United States and Canada permit divorce only in certain circumstances. Countries like Ireland and Philippines prohibit divorce because divorce rips apart families, the base of society, the base at which society is built around. ProceduresA couple that is wishing to proceed with a divorce first fills out the proper papers and returns them to court. Making the arrangements for alimony, child custody and support, and division of their property. They then appear in court in front of a Judge who listens to their arguments by which they want to end their marriage, and then decides weather or not to grant them a divorce. In the past, the judge order the man to pay considerable alimony, give up some of their proper ty, and take on most of the responsibility of supporting their children. There were two main reasons for this, first, majority of divorced women did not have a job and needed money to help support the children. Secondly, because the man was the guilty spouse and the guilty spouse could not receive alimony. Today Judges realize that woman have qualifications for well paying jobs and do not need to be supported fully by their ex-husbands. They can also file for no-fault divorces. No-fault divorce is when neither side is labeled guilty. Some people oppose no-fault divorces because they believe such divorces can be obtained too easily. They feel couples can end their marriage without there being a real good reason, and that the couples should consult a marriage counselor. The divorce process is easier under the no-fault laws then the fault laws. Therefor can sometimes be obtained by couples without lawyers. Some judges oppose this type of divorce because often the protection of the chil dren and spouses are overlooked. Child Custody and SupportIn the early and mid 1900s, Judges almost automatically granted custody to the mother. They believed that children should not separate from their mother. Today, many Judges realize that the children might not be better off with their mother for various reasons such as drug addictions or criminal records. These reasons might also be true when they do not grant custody to the father. The Judge, in some situations, might ask the children which parent they want to live with, then consider visit rights for the other one. If the court changes their decision for any reason, the children might have to move, but this is prevented if possible because such a move can be very emotionally harmful on the children. The child might feel torn between their parents, and will not choose a side in fear of harming the other ones feelings. Children often find it hard to deal with a divorce mainly because they are too young to understand that this is probably the best thing for the family and each parent. Divorce RateThe divorce rate in the United States is the highest in the world today. This is mainly accounted for because of 4 major reasons. 1. Divorce is more socially acceptable than ever before. 2. Many people going into marriages expect more out of it then they did in earlier generations, and so they are more easily disappointed with the outcome. 3. More high-paying jobs are available for women, and these opportunities have made women less dependent on their husbands. 4. Changes in divorce laws have made it easier to obtain a divorce.

Advertising and Integrated Communication

Question: Discuss about the Advertising and Integrated Communication. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to critically discuss and analyse the use of virtual and augmented reality and its application and uses in educational tourism. The report takes a systematic approach to discuss background to virtual reality, augmented reality, and educational tourism. Further, the report discusses the use of virtual reality and augmented reality in educational tourism followed by critical discussion. Lastly, the report discusses areas for future research in the field followed by a conclusion. Virtual reality Virtual reality can be defined as computer-stimulated reality that uses technology to replicate some real world or imaginary environment, and allows users to interact with the environment (Huang et al., 2016). It involves exact replication of elements of real world elements with synthesized 3D materials and proper collaboration of all the sensory inputs to initiate user engagement. First hint of virtual reality had come from the world of science fiction. In the year 1935, Stanley G. Weinbaum wrote a short story named "Pygmalion's Spectacles". This was the first book, where the concept of virtual reality was first explored. It explored a goggle-based virtual reality system along with holographic record of fictional experience. It included touch and smell. The use of virtual reality concept can be seen in training perspective. It allows the professionals to conduct training in regards to a virtual environment. Virtual reality can also be used in video game for creating graphics and sou nds. Augmented reality Augmented reality is the use of computer generated sensory inputs that is used to augment or supplement the real world elements of the environment for better user experience (Fino et al., 2013). It uses visualization techniques that superimpose computer-generated data such as text, graphics, video, audio, GPS data and other multi-media formats over the real worldview. Therefore, it enhances the users perception of the reality and the surrounding environment (Han et al., 2013). In the year, 1968, Ivan Southerland had developed first the system of head mounted display. In this system, augmented display was used by the mean of generated graphic for demonstrating simple wireframe drawing. Augmented reality is effectively used in architecture for visualizing building project. It can also be used in visual art and education and video games. Educational tourism Educational tourism is carefully planned in combination with site visit and hands-on learning opportunities, which provide clear learning objectives for students.A proper guide in educational tourism can assist students in gaining leisure activities as well as different learning objectives. Uses of virtual and augmented reality in educational tourism Virtual reality is gaining huge popularity in the tourism sector, especially in the field of educational tourism. Virtual reality is being used for destination promotion and for educational purposes. It allows users to experience various conditions that no longer exist now such as pre-historic earth; moreover, it can also be used to experience space travel or walking through the museum, fort or any other simulated reality from the home. It has also made it possible to experience and learn through culture, environment and local community of various destinations across the world in a time efficient and economical manner (Tussyadiah et al., 2016). Augmented reality is used in educational tourism to enhance the experience of the users by providing sensory inputs of the real world. In educational tourism, it can be used to enhance users experience by providing real time information about the location and its features. This technology is being extensively used in educational tourism by providing tourists simulations of historical events, places and objects. Further, with the use of audio and video sensory inputs, users can live and experience the history that once existed. It also helps stimulate experiences such as viewing extinct animals, fragmented artefacts, and cultural experiences from history (Guerra et al., 2015). Critical discussion Knowledge and experience gain Tourism has always been regarded as means of gaining knowledge and new experiences. The learning gained through the virtual and augmented reality improves learning retention. Virtual reality enables the users to explore and experience various locations such as beaches, museums, or places of historic importance with a persuasive and interactive purview that can be viewed on a computer at home (Buhalis Yovcheva, 2013). Educational Revolution Both virtual and augmented reality provides compelling educational environment. These technologies have revolutionized the educational tourism as it provides a means to stimulate both mental and physical activities with the help of stimulated interactions with the unfamiliar contents. It is used to impart knowledge about the various subjects such as history, aerospace and the likes by providing firsthand experience to the users (Yovcheva et al., 2012). Increasing educational potential One such application of augmented reality is the use of interactive digital storytelling techniques that has been applied in various museums in order to enhance their educational potential. Further, it has been observed that both virtual reality and augmented reality techniques aids tourist organization and professionals to reach a wider audience and deliver more informed knowledge through better multi-media contents. Therefore, it helps the tourists to access valuable information, thereby increasing their knowledge regarding a tourist attraction or destination in an entertaining manner (Kounavis et al., 2012). Areas of future research Future development Although, it has been established that virtual and augmented reality techniques plays an important role in educational tourism, however, it is still in the development stages and requires better infrastructures such as inter platform operability of virtual reality and augmented reality applications and better internet facilities. Use of more advanced technology Moreover, future researches also need to explore the influence of advance technologies on the overall experience and learning outcomes of users. The researchers are to find more scope to apply these concepts on users overall experience and learning outcomes (Chung et al., 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that virtual reality and augmented reality technologies provides one of the most powerful and effective means for participative learning. In the educational tourism sector, these technologies can be employed to recreate history or project future world in a digital format. This can be used in the educational tourism to provide simulated and interactive learning experiences. References Buhalis, D., Yovcheva, Z. (2013). Augmented Reality in Tourism: 10 Unique Applications Explained.Digital Tourism Think Tank Reports and Best Practice. Retrieved May,13, 2013. Chung, N., Han, H., Joun, Y. (2015). Tourists intention to visit a destination: The role of augmented reality (AR) application for a heritage site.Computers in Human Behavior,50, 588-599. Fino, E. R., Martn-Gutirrez, J., Fernndez, M. D. M., Davara, E. A. (2013). Interactive tourist guide: connecting web 2.0, augmented reality and QR codes.Procedia Computer Science,25, 338-344. Guerra, J. P., Pinto, M. M., Beato, C. (2015). Virtual reality-shows a new vision for tourism and heritage.European Scientific Journal. Han, D. I., Jung, T., Gibson, A. (2013). Dublin AR: implementing augmented reality in tourism. InInformation and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014(pp. 511-523). Springer International Publishing. Huang, Y. C., Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., Chang, L. L. (2016). Exploring the Implications of Virtual Reality Technology in Tourism Marketing: An Integrated Research Framework.International Journal of Tourism Research,18(2), 116-128. Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects.International Journal of Engineering Business Management,4. Sie, L., Patterson, I. (2015). Understanding the relationship between motivations and experiences of older Australian travellers through educational tourism.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, 708. Tussyadiah, I., Wang, D., Jia, C. H. (2016). Exploring the Persuasive Power of Virtual Reality Imagery for Destination Marketing. Yovcheva, Z., Buhalis, D., Gatzidis, C. (2012). Smartphone augmented reality applications for tourism.e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR),10(2), 63-66.

How Scr Works Analysis Essay Example

How Scr Works Analysis Essay How an SCR works? -Principle of Operation SCR Working Principle The SCR is a four-layer, three-junction and a three-terminal device and is shown in fig. a. The end P-region is the anode, the end N-region is the cathode and the inner P-region is the gate. The anode to cathode is connected in series with the load circuit. Essentially the device is a switch. Ideally it remains off (voltage blocking state), or appears to have an infinite impedance until both the anode and gate terminals have suitable positive voltages with respect to the cathode terminal. The thyristor then switches on and current flows and continues to conduct without further gate signals. Ideally the thyristor has zero impedance in conduction state. For switching off or reverting to the blocking state, there must be no gate signal and the anode current must be reduced to zero. Current can flow only in one direction. In absence of external bias voltages, the majority carrier in each layer diffuses until there is a built-in voltage that retards further diffusion. Some majority carriers have enough energy to cross the barrier caused by the retarding electric field at each junction. These carriers then become minority carriers and can recombine with majority carriers. Minority carriers in each layer can be accelerated across each junction by the fixed field, but because of absence of external circuit in this case the sum of majority and minority carrier currents must be zero. A voltage bias, as shown in figure, and an external circuit to carry current allow internal currents which include the follow ¬ing terms: The current Ix is due to †¢Majority carriers (holes) crossing junction J1 †¢Minority carriers crossing junction J1 Holes injected at junction J2 diffusing through the N-region and crossing junc ¬tion J1 and †¢Minority carriers from junction J2 diffusing through the N-region and crossing junction J1. Similarly I2 is due to six terms and I3 is due to four terms. The two simple analogues to explain the basic action for the thyristor are those of the diode and the two transistor models. 1. 1. Diode Model. The thyristor is similar to three d iodes in series as there are three P-N junctions. Without gate bias, there is always at least ne reverse biased junction to prevent conduction irrespective of the polarity of an applied voltage between anode and cathode. If the anode is made positive and the gate is also biased positively with respect to cathode, the P-layer at the gate is flooded by the electrons from the cathode and loses its identity as a P-layer. Accordingly the thyristor becomes equivalent to a conducting diode. Scr working 1. 2. Two Transistor Model. Imagine the SCR cut along the dotted line, as shown in fig. a. Then we can have two devices, as shown in fig. b. We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These two devices can be recognized as two transistors. The upper left one is P-N-P transistor and the lower right N-P-N type. Further it can be recognized that the base of the P-N-P transistor is joined to the collector of the N-P-N transistor while the collector of P-N-P is joined to the base of N-P-N transistor, as illustrated in fig. c. The gate terminal is brought out from the base of the N-P-N material. This construction has been conceived merely to explain the working of SCR, otherwise in physical shape the SCR has four solid layers of P-N-P-N type only. Now we can see that the two transistors are connected in such a manner that the collector of Q1 is connected to the base of Q2 i. e. the output collector current of Qt becomes the base current for Q2. In the similar way the collector of Q2 is joined to the base of Q1 which shows that the output collector current of Q2 is fed to Q1 as input base current. These are back to back connections of transistors in such a way that the output of one goes into as input of other transistor and vice-versa. This gives net gain of loop circuit as ? 1 x ? 2 where ? 1 and ? are current gains of two transistors respectively. When the gate current is zero or the gate terminal is open, the only current in circulation is the leakage current, which is very small in case of silicon device specially and the total current is a little higher than sum of individual leakage currents. Under these conditions P-N-P-N device is said to be in its forward blocking or high impedance ‘off state. As soon as a small amount of gate current is given to the base of transistor Q2 by applying forward bias to its base-emitter junction, it generates the collector current as ? times the base current. This collector current of Q2 is fed as input base current to Q: which is further multiplied by ? 1 times as ICl which forms input base current of Q2 and undergoes further amplification. In this way both transistors feedback each other and the collector current of each goes on multiplying. This process is very quick and soon both the transistors drive each other to saturation. Now the device is said to be in. on-state. The current through the on-state SCR is controlled by external impedance only. How Scr Works Analysis Essay Example How Scr Works Analysis Essay How an SCR works? -Principle of Operation SCR Working Principle The SCR is a four-layer, three-junction and a three-terminal device and is shown in fig. a. The end P-region is the anode, the end N-region is the cathode and the inner P-region is the gate. The anode to cathode is connected in series with the load circuit. Essentially the device is a switch. Ideally it remains off (voltage blocking state), or appears to have an infinite impedance until both the anode and gate terminals have suitable positive voltages with respect to the cathode terminal. The thyristor then switches on and current flows and continues to conduct without further gate signals. Ideally the thyristor has zero impedance in conduction state. For switching off or reverting to the blocking state, there must be no gate signal and the anode current must be reduced to zero. Current can flow only in one direction. In absence of external bias voltages, the majority carrier in each layer diffuses until there is a built-in voltage that retards further diffusion. Some majority carriers have enough energy to cross the barrier caused by the retarding electric field at each junction. These carriers then become minority carriers and can recombine with majority carriers. Minority carriers in each layer can be accelerated across each junction by the fixed field, but because of absence of external circuit in this case the sum of majority and minority carrier currents must be zero. A voltage bias, as shown in figure, and an external circuit to carry current allow internal currents which include the follow ¬ing terms: The current Ix is due to †¢Majority carriers (holes) crossing junction J1 †¢Minority carriers crossing junction J1 Holes injected at junction J2 diffusing through the N-region and crossing junc ¬tion J1 and †¢Minority carriers from junction J2 diffusing through the N-region and crossing junction J1. Similarly I2 is due to six terms and I3 is due to four terms. The two simple analogues to explain the basic action for the thyristor are those of the diode and the two transistor models. 1. 1. Diode Model. The thyristor is similar to three d iodes in series as there are three P-N junctions. Without gate bias, there is always at least ne reverse biased junction to prevent conduction irrespective of the polarity of an applied voltage between anode and cathode. If the anode is made positive and the gate is also biased positively with respect to cathode, the P-layer at the gate is flooded by the electrons from the cathode and loses its identity as a P-layer. Accordingly the thyristor becomes equivalent to a conducting diode. Scr working 1. 2. Two Transistor Model. Imagine the SCR cut along the dotted line, as shown in fig. a. Then we can have two devices, as shown in fig. b. We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Scr Works Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These two devices can be recognized as two transistors. The upper left one is P-N-P transistor and the lower right N-P-N type. Further it can be recognized that the base of the P-N-P transistor is joined to the collector of the N-P-N transistor while the collector of P-N-P is joined to the base of N-P-N transistor, as illustrated in fig. c. The gate terminal is brought out from the base of the N-P-N material. This construction has been conceived merely to explain the working of SCR, otherwise in physical shape the SCR has four solid layers of P-N-P-N type only. Now we can see that the two transistors are connected in such a manner that the collector of Q1 is connected to the base of Q2 i. e. the output collector current of Qt becomes the base current for Q2. In the similar way the collector of Q2 is joined to the base of Q1 which shows that the output collector current of Q2 is fed to Q1 as input base current. These are back to back connections of transistors in such a way that the output of one goes into as input of other transistor and vice-versa. This gives net gain of loop circuit as ? 1 x ? 2 where ? 1 and ? are current gains of two transistors respectively. When the gate current is zero or the gate terminal is open, the only current in circulation is the leakage current, which is very small in case of silicon device specially and the total current is a little higher than sum of individual leakage currents. Under these conditions P-N-P-N device is said to be in its forward blocking or high impedance ‘off state. As soon as a small amount of gate current is given to the base of transistor Q2 by applying forward bias to its base-emitter junction, it generates the collector current as ? times the base current. This collector current of Q2 is fed as input base current to Q: which is further multiplied by ? 1 times as ICl which forms input base current of Q2 and undergoes further amplification. In this way both transistors feedback each other and the collector current of each goes on multiplying. This process is very quick and soon both the transistors drive each other to saturation. Now the device is said to be in. on-state. The current through the on-state SCR is controlled by external impedance only.

The Health Care System Essays - Health Economics, Free Essays

The Health Care System Essays - Health Economics, Free Essays The Health Care System More Nobel Prizes in physiology and medicine have been won by doctors or scientists working in the United States than the rest of the world. It is widely accepted that the best training and education is available in the United States in the field of medicine. Despite the fact that over $750 billion is spent on health care in the United States, more than 30 million Americans have no medical coverage and over 100 million are reportedly underinsured according to Nancy Watzman, of the Washington Monthly. We spend 14 percent of our Gross National Product (GNP) on health care each year, while our neighbors to the north, the Canadians, spend only nine percent of their GNP on the same but cover 100 percent of their citizens. If the Canadians can manage to cover every one of their citizens, then we, The People, must find a way to do the same. We have one of two options; either we can spend billions of dollars inventing a new health care system for the United States, or we can be frugal and efficient by adopting the Canadian model of national health care and merely customizing it to fit our own needs. And, although critics may decry the prudence of implementing a system based on socialized medicine, there would be minimal to no sacrifice in coverage, cost, and quality of health care as compared to what little health coverage we have today. If we model our system after the Canadians then this would mean all people share the same waiting rooms, the same doctors, the same equipment, and receive the same medical care. This also alleviates the problem of some Americans receiving the best medical attention available in the world while others receive miserable attention or none at all. This idea of universal coverage sounds wonderful if you have no medical insurance currently, but it is unthinkable if you are accustomed to private rooms in hospitals and hospital meals prepared by gourmet chefs. But if this is what you are accustomed to, you belong to a small minority of Americans. Only ten percent of Americans approve of our health care system, while 56 percent of Canadians approve of theirs (Goodman 35). Perhaps the disgruntled 90 percent majority could also vote the right people into congress to change the health care system to provide universal coverage here in the United States. We could not only provide universal coverage, but we could cover everyone at a lower cost for health care than we are currently paying. It actually costs less to supply medical coverage for the average Canadian than it does for the average American. A Canadian who earns the equivalent of $26,000 US dollars pays about $1,300 a year for medical coverage, while an American earning the same amount pays $2,500 per year according to Mark Kelly of the Chicago Tribune. And its not only the citizens who would save money. The General Accounting Office estimates conservatively that at least $68 billion could be saved in paperwork costs alone if the United States switched to a national health plan. That amount itself would be enough to pay for all the uninsured citizens in the United States with some money left over for lollipops for the kids. It may be argued that these cost savings will come at the price of quality of patient care, but that is just another myth propagated by the American Medical Association, which is easily debunked by facts. If we take the $68 billion in administrative savings and subtract the estimated $12 billion it would cost to extend the same quality of care for the uninsured as the currently insured are receiving, we are left with $56 billion to do with as we wish. Furthermore, how can we even begin to talk about a decline in patient care when the numbers of the uninsured are so staggering? If over 130 million U.S. citizens, or over half of the United States population, are currently uninsured or underinsured and we provide them some kind of medical coverage, this in itself is a significant improvement in quality of care for these people. The fault lies with the doctors who are used to providing state of the art care for the economically advantaged

Collaborative learning in the virtual Workplace Article

Collaborative learning in the virtual Workplace - Article Example As a learning facilitator my goal and therefore ultimate expectation is for students to collaboratively get the course content and concepts. I will therefore expect the design of an online learning program to facilitate participant engagement, concentration and lively participation. The technology should allow me a facilitator and to monitor and track every individual student’s activity respond to their learning concerns and therefore meet their expectations. The program should therefore encourage me as the facilitator to pull more are as opposed to pushing as this is the only way to gauge whether the learners are progressing (Brindly and Walti, 2009). My other expectation of an online learning program is the technology should be user friendly and offer a platform for groups to build social networks in that the entire experience is anchored on experimentation with ideas that assist the organisation. The program should also create an enabling environment for continuous improvement by spreading the events over time. The program should also put into considerations the unique situations such as differences in time zones, work schedules and availability so that no learner is left behind. Virtual instructor-led trainings will define the future of learning and therefore the goal should to identify technologies that enable improved collaboration and interactive